Defe0027895 prepared for doe by mohawk innovative technology, inc. The text brings the topic of green energy front and center, illustrating the need for new books that provide comprehensive and practical information on specific types of fuel cells and their applications. Metal oxide nanocomposites as anode and cathode for low. While tremendous progress has been achieved for pem fuel cells in the. High temperature solid oxide fuel cells fun dam en tals, desig and apdirations. Crosscutting research division national energy technology laboratory netl j. Highperformance, ceriabased solid oxide fuel cells. Bents lewis research center cleveland, ohio prepared for the 22nd intersociety energy conversion engineering conference cosponsored by the aiaa, ans, asme, sae, ieee, acs, and aiche philadelphia, pennsylvania, august 10 14, 1987. Solid oxide fuel cells sofc use a hard, ceramic compound of metal like calcium or zirconium oxides chemically, o 2 as electrolyte. These seals must function at high temperatures between 600 and 900 c and in the oxidizing and reducing environments of fuels and air. Ethane, carbon monoxide and ethanol were used as the fuel. Among the different types of seals, the metalmetal seals can be readily fabricated using metal joining, soldering, and brazing.
Advances in low temperature coatings for solid oxide fuel. High temperature water electrolysis in solid oxide cells. High temperature anode recycle blower for solid oxide fuel cell department of energy award no. Fc high performance non platinumgroupmetal transition metal oxide oxygen reduction reaction catalysts of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. High temperature corrosion of metallic interconnects in solid oxide fuel cells. But there are different types of fuel cells, classified primarily by the kind of electrolyte used. Investigation on mg and sc doped ceria for intermediate. Abstract solid oxide fuel cells sofcs operating at high temperatures 800 c have been overlooked in the past for automotive applications. Pdf design of a high temperature solid oxide fuel cell. High temperature carbon corrosion in solid oxide fuel cells. A lowoperatingtemperature solid oxide fuel cell in.
Recent advances in high temperature electrolysis using solid. Pdf a solid oxide fuel cell sofc is typically composed of two porous. A brief description of high temperature solid oxide fuel. Findings from our expert interviews suggest that sofc systems will meet the. Recent advances in high temperature electrolysis using. High temperature seals for solid oxide fuel cells request pdf. Thinfilm, metalsupported high performance, and durable proton solid oxide electrolyzer cell. Hightemperature sensors for monitoring and control of solid. Evaluation of solid oxide electrolytes with the pyrochlore. Pdf low temperature solid oxide fuel cells with proton. Nanomaterials and technologies for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells. According to the paper a high performance cathode for the next generation of solid oxide fuel cells, published in nature, a new cathode material for reduced temperature sofc operation is presented. Study on zinc oxidebased electrolytes in lowtemperature. Polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cells also called proton exchange membrane fuel cells deliver high power density and offer the advantages of low weight and volume compared with other fuel cells.
Advances in medium and high temperature solid oxide fuel cell technology. Drawing of a solid oxide cell solid oxide fuel cells sofc use a hard, ceramic compound of metal like calcium or zirconium oxides chemically, o 2 as electrolyte. Because sofcs are made entirely of solid materials, they are not limited to the flat plane configuration of other types of fuel cells and are often designed as rolled tubes. Materials for hightemperature oxygen reduction in solid. High temperature solid electrolyte fuel cells using. A highperformance cathode for the next generation of solid. Nanostructured solid oxide fuel cell electrodes nano letters.
Advantages of this class of fuel cells include high combined heat and power efficiency, longterm stability, fuel flexibility, low emissions, and relatively low cost. High temperature anode recycle blowers for solid oxide fuel cell. Hightemperature seals for solid oxide fuel cells sofc. The electrodereaction resistance was negligibly small in the. As highly efficient energy conversion devices with negligible impact on environment, solid oxide fuel cells sofcs have received considerable attention recently as a keystone of the future energy economy. In 1951, the first commercially available high pressure electrolyser 30 bar was presented by lurgi. These zro 2 based electrolyte requires high operating temperatures of 900 c in order to maintain high oxygen ionic conductivity.
Advances in medium and high temperature solid oxide fuel cell. Hightemperature solid oxide fuel cells, second edition, explores the growing interest in fuel cells as a sustainable source of energy. Use of the solidphase electrolyte reduces corrosion and eliminates electrolyte management problems. We employed metallic functional layers because of their high electrical conductivities and catalytic activities with respect to orr kinetics.
Using a high temperaturetype proton conductive solid electrolyte based on srceo3, the performances of various types of fuel cells were studied at 800 to c. High temperature solid oxide regenerative fuel cell for solar photovoltaic energy storage david j. High temperature ceramic heat exchanger for solid oxide. Highperformance solidoxide fuel cell cathodes based on. Solid oxide fuel cells an overview sciencedirect topics. Pdf highperformance ultrathin solid oxide fuel cells. Sofc cathode, and the electrochemical reduction of o2.
Low temperature solid oxide fuel cells with protonconducting y. Hightemperature sofcs are effective in supporting electrode kinetics. Solid oxide fuel cells illinois institute of technology. Nowadays, low temperature electrolysis technology is available with at least. Fuel cell charge exchange cathode material oxygen reduction solid oxide fuel cell these keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Department of energys 2019 hydrogen and fuel cells program annual. Pem fuel cells use a solid polymer as an electrolyte and porous carbon electrodes containing a platinum or platinum alloy catalyst. Pdf high temperature solid oxide fuel cells fun dam en tals. A functioning solid oxide fuelcell sofc may require all types of seals, such as metalmetal, metalceramic, and ceramicceramic. Fundamentals, design and applications by kevin kendall, michaela kendall and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at. High temperature solid oxide fuel cells fundamentals design.
In this book wellknown experts highlight cuttingedge research priorities and discuss the state of the art in the field of solid oxide fuel cells giving an update on specific subjects such as protonic conductors, interconnects, electrocatalytic and catalytic processes and modelling approaches. Solid oxide fuel cells sofcs use a solid material, most commonly a ceramic material called yttriastabilized zirconia ysz, as the electrolyte. Pdf high temperature water electrolysis in solid oxide. Oxygen gets reduced at the cathode by taking electrons and gets ionized. Development of an optimized bilayer electrolyte with increased open circuit potential ocp and thus greater fuel efficiency for natural gas fueled, intermediate temperature it operation of 600c. The performance of a singlechamber solid oxide fuel cell was studied using a ceriabased solid electrolyte at temperatures below 773 kelvin. A functioning solid oxide fuel cell sofc may require all types of seals, such as metalmetal, metalceramic, and ceramicceramic. Sofcs are the most efficient devices for the electrochemical conversion of chemical energy of hydrocarbon fuels into electricity, and have been gaining increasing attention for clean and efficient. His research interests encompass solid oxide fuel cells, proton exchange and direct methanol fuel cells, and direct alcohol fuel cells.
Solid oxide fuel cells, like most other types, produce little pollution. Advantages and disadvantages of solid oxide fuel cells. Current developments in sofcs focus on increasing the durability and lowering the cost of the system and the materials therein. Recent advances in high temperature electrolysis using solid oxide. Pdf modifying the cathodes of intermediatetemperature. These seals must function at high temperatures between 600 and. Solid oxide fuel cell sofc mainly focuses on yttriastabilized zirconia ysz ceramics due to rapid oxygen ion diffusion in nature even at higher temperature ranges of about 900oc. Jun 27, 20 high operation temperature fuel cells allow internal reforming, promote rapid kinetics with nonprecious materials and offer high flexibilities in fuel choice, and are potential and viable candidate to moderate the fast increase in power requirements and to minimize the impact of the. Advanced cathodes for solid oxide fuel cells materials. Hightemperature solid oxide fuel cells based on yttriastabilized zirconia. High temperature anode recycle blower for solid oxide fuel. An intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell with electrospun nanofiber cathode. The high temperatures open the opportunity for cogenerationusing waste heat to generate steam for space heating, industrial processing, or in a steam turbine to make more electricity. With the reduction in solid oxide fuel cell sofc operating temperatures into the range 650800c, cost effective metallic materials, in particular high temperature oxidation resistant alloys.
High temperature carbon corrosion in solid oxide fuel. Solid oxide fuel cells the national energy technology laboratory netl solid oxide fuel cell sofc team performs fundamental sofc technology evaluation, enhances existing sofc technology and develops advanced sofc concepts in support of the u. Advances in low temperature coatings for solid oxide fuel cell components n. A solid oxide fuel cell or sofc is an electrochemical conversion device that produces electricity directly from oxidizing a fuel. Solid oxide fuel cell an overview sciencedirect topics. Yaoyu ren, jingtao ma, desheng ai, qingfeng zan, xuping lin, changsheng deng. High temperature corrosion issues for metallic materials. In the ethaneair fuel cell, the simultaneous generation of electricity and ethylene could be carried out without oxidizing ethylene into carbon dioxide.
A high performance sdcinfiltrated nanoporous silver cathode with superior thermal stability for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells. A transformational energy conversion technology eric d. High temperature sensors for monitoring and control of solid oxide fuel cells these sensors must be able to operate at high temperatures and harsh conditions, and innovations in sensor packaging and design are required to address the embedded sensing needs for these challenging environments. Ionic conducting composite as electrolyte for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells functional materials division, kth, 2010 i abstract solid oxide fuel cells sofcs are considered as one of the most promising power generation technologies due to their high energy conversion efficiency, fuel flexibility and reduced pollution. One of the upcoming fuel cell type, a sofc, has all the components in the solid phase, and is composed of nanoceramic composite materials, operates at elevated temperatures ranging from 800 c. Lowering the working temperature of sofc in the range 600 c800 c is under research to increase lifetime and to reduce operating cost. A brief description of high temperature solid oxide fuel cell.
Basic operation of solid oxide fuel cell the high temperature fuel cell operates from 800 c to c. High temperature solid oxide fuel cells, second edition, explores the growing interest in fuel cells as a sustainable source of energy. The solid oxide fuel cell is composed of all solid components with the electrolyte acting as an oxide ion conductor and operating at high temperature a. Solid oxide fuel cells s olid oxide fuel cells sofcs offer a clean, lowpollution technology to electrochemically generate electricity at high efficiencies. The electrolyte is a dense ceramic, usually yttria stabilized zirconia ysz, which is an oxide ion conductor at elevated temperatures.
Hightemperature solid oxide fuel cells, 2nd edition. High temperature sofc does not need any precious catalyst for its operation. During the same period, nernst developed the hightemperature electrolyte zro 2 with 15% y 2 o 3, this being the basis for solid oxide electrolysis soec and solid oxide fuel cells sofc. Abstractthe high operating temperature for solid oxide fuel cells sofcs is one of the major obstacles in the advancement and marketing of the fuel cell.
One of the best candidate for this purpose are micro solid oxide fuel cells sofcs which combine fuel flexibility, high efficiency and energy density up to 5 times the one of liion batteries 2. Use of the solidphase electrolyte reduces corrosion and eliminates electrolytemanagement problems. The crystalline properties and thermal stabilities of a novel borosilicate glass gc9 developed at iner, have been investigated for use as high temperature seals in solid oxide fuel cells sofcs. A highperformance cathode for the next generation of solidoxide fuel cells. High temperature ceramic heat exchanger for solid oxide fuel cell doe award no defe0024090 doe program manager. Pdf high temperature solid oxide fuel cells fun dam en. The largest disadvantage is the high operating temperature. High temperature solid oxide regenerative fuel cell for solar.
Fc high performance polymer electrolyte fuel cell electrode structures. Hightemperature solid oxide fuel cells for the 21st century. Efficiency is about 60 percent, and operating temperatures are about 1,000 c about 1,800 f. Pdf high temperature corrosion of metallic interconnects. Chemical and material processes occurring in high temperature environments are difficult to quantify due to a lack of experimental methods that can probe directly the species present. Solid oxide fuel cells the electrochemical society. Metal oxide nanocomposites as anode and cathode for low temperature solid oxide fuel cell. This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. A solid oxide fuel cell is an electrochemical conversion device that produces electricity directly from oxidizing a fuel.
The rational design of the electrodeelectrolyte interface plays a crucial role in expediting the oxygen reduction reaction orr kinetics of intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells itsofcs. The electrolyte determines the kind of chemical reactions that take place in the fuel cell, the temperature range of operation, and other factors that. Achievements and trends of solid oxide fuel cells in clean energy field. Sofcs are the most efficient devices for the electrochemical conversion of chemical energy of hydrocarbon fuels into electricity, and have been gaining increasing attention for clean and efficient distributed power generation. A thermally selfsustained micro solidoxide fuelcell stack. In this letter, raman spectroscopy is shown to be capable of identifying insitu and noninvasively changes in material properties as well as the formation and disappearance of molecular species on surfaces at.
Hightemperature anode recycle blower for solid oxide fuel. This chapter discusses the advantages of solidoxide fuel cells sofc powerplant systems, disadvantages of sofcs, and design of the closedend tubular sofc. Jun 16, 2000 the performance of a singlechamber solid oxide fuel cell was studied using a ceriabased solid electrolyte at temperatures below 773 kelvin. Summary of fy 2015 accomplishments and results of redox fuel cells, inc. Solid oxide fuel cells sofcs operate at elevated temperatures, generally above 800 c for the hightemperature variant, and in the range 500800 c for intermediate temperature sofcs itsofcs. Modifying the cathodes of intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells with a ce0. A brief description of high temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Fuel cells are characterized by their electrolyte material.
They require much higher loadings of expensive platinum catalyst than other types of fuel cells do, which raises the cost. Hightemperature solid oxide fuel cells for the 21st. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. Conducting materials as electrolytes for solid oxide. The electrolyte is a dense ceramic, usually yttria stabilized zirconia ysz, which is an oxide ion conductor at.
Solid oxide fuel cells are not suitable for powering small portable devices, mainly because if built small, they need heat input to keep them running. Fundamentals, design and applications provides a comprehensive discussion of solid oxide fuel cells sofcs. Bazro3 electrolyte on porous anodic aluminum oxide substrate. High temperature anode recycle blower for solid oxide fuel cell. C anode recycle blower for 100 kwe sofc the prototype is complete and has been fully tested phase ii started on apr 1.
High temperaturetype proton conductive solid oxide fuel. Carbon materials for high temperature pem fuel cells high temperature pem fuel cell technology is currently the best option for achieving near emissionfree power for both stationary and automotive needs. Department of energy hydrogen and fuel c\ ells program\r created date. Swartza a nexceris llc, lewis center, ohio 43035, usa in the development of solid oxide fuel cells, high performance coatings are essential.
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